proteosztázis

Proteosztázis is a biological concept referring to the maintenance of stable protein levels within cells. Unlike homeostasis, which typically describes the balance of macroscopic physiological variables, proteostasis focuses on the dynamic processes that regulate the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of proteins. These processes are crucial for cellular function and overall organismal health.

The proteostasis network involves a complex interplay of molecular chaperones, enzymes involved in protein modification, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy for protein degradation. Chaperones assist in proper protein folding, preventing the accumulation of misfolded or aggregated proteins, which can be toxic. When proteins become damaged or no longer needed, they are targeted for degradation.

Dysregulation of proteostasis is implicated in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as metabolic diseases and cancer. Age-related decline in proteostasis is also a significant factor in the aging process. Research into proteostasis aims to understand these mechanisms better to develop therapeutic strategies for these conditions by targeting the protein quality control systems.