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Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many crucial roles in the body. They are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be linked together in countless combinations to form a vast array of proteins.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique three-dimensional structure, which in turn dictates its function. Proteins can act as enzymes, catalyzing biochemical reactions; as structural components, providing support and shape to cells and tissues; as transporters, moving molecules within the body; and as signaling molecules, communicating between cells. They are also involved in immune responses, muscle contraction, and DNA replication.

The human body obtains amino acids from the foods it consumes, particularly from protein-rich sources such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. The body can also synthesize some amino acids, while others, known as essential amino acids, must be obtained from the diet. A balanced intake of these essential amino acids is vital for maintaining health and enabling the body to produce all the proteins it needs. Proteins are fundamental to life, underpinning virtually every process that occurs within living organisms.