prokariota

Prokaryota is a biological domain encompassing organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. This fundamental characteristic distinguishes them from eukaryotic organisms. Prokaryotes are unicellular, although some may form colonies. Their genetic material, typically a single circular chromosome, is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. Ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis, are present in prokaryotic cells and are similar in function to those in eukaryotes, though they differ in size.

The two major kingdoms of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria are found in virtually every environment on Earth and play crucial roles in many ecosystems, including decomposition and nutrient cycling. Archaea, often found in extreme environments like hot springs and salt lakes, also contribute significantly to biogeochemical processes. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually, primarily through binary fission, a process where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Despite their cellular simplicity compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity and have evolved a wide array of adaptations allowing them to survive in diverse conditions.