preskriptivismu

Preskriptivismus, often referred to as prescriptive grammar, is an approach to language that dictates how language *should* be used, rather than describing how it *is* used. It involves establishing rules and standards for correct or proper language, often based on historical usage, logic, or the usage of perceived elites. Prescriptivists believe that certain forms of language are inherently superior to others and advocate for adherence to these norms to maintain clarity, intelligibility, and a perceived standard of "good" language.

This approach can manifest in various ways, such as advising against the use of certain words or grammatical constructions deemed incorrect or informal. For instance, a prescriptivist might insist on the distinction between "whom" and "who" or discourage the use of split infinitives. The motivation behind preskriptivismus often stems from a desire to preserve linguistic traditions, ensure effective communication, or uphold a certain social or educational standard.

In contrast to preskriptivismus is deskriptivismus, which focuses on observing and documenting language as it is actually spoken and written by its users, without judgment. Descriptivists analyze linguistic patterns and variations as they occur naturally, acknowledging that language is constantly evolving. While preskriptivismus aims to enforce a standard, deskriptivismus seeks to understand and explain the diversity and dynamism of language. The tension between these two approaches is a long-standing one in linguistics and language education.