polüuuria

Polyuria is a medical term that describes the passage of an abnormally large volume of urine. It is distinct from pollakiuria, which refers to frequent urination. Polyuria can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions and is characterized by producing more than 2.5 to 3 liters of urine in a 24-hour period for adults. The increased urine volume can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not adequately addressed.

Several factors can cause polyuria. Diabetes mellitus, both type 1 and type 2, is a common cause due to high blood glucose levels drawing water into the urine. Diabetes insipidus, a condition affecting the kidneys' ability to conserve water, is another significant cause, characterized by either insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH. Certain medications, such as diuretics, are designed to increase urine output and can therefore cause polyuria. Excessive fluid intake, a condition known as psychogenic polydipsia, can also result in polyuria. Other potential causes include chronic kidney disease, hypercalcemia, and certain pituitary gland disorders.

Diagnosis of polyuria involves measuring urine output over a 24-hour period and assessing fluid intake. Further investigations, such as blood tests to check glucose levels, electrolyte balance, and kidney function, as well as urine tests for specific gravity and osmolarity, are typically performed to identify the underlying cause. Treatment for polyuria is directed at the specific condition causing it. This may involve managing blood sugar in diabetes mellitus, hormone replacement therapy for diabetes insipidus, or adjusting medication dosages.