polümerisatsioonitüübi

Polümerisatsioonitüübi refers to the classification of polymerization reactions based on their distinct mechanisms and characteristics. These classifications help in understanding how monomers link together to form long polymer chains. The primary types of polymerization are addition polymerization and condensation polymerization.

Addition polymerization involves the sequential addition of monomers to a growing polymer chain without the loss of any atoms. The monomers typically have double or triple bonds that break and form new single bonds with other monomers. This process can be initiated by free radicals, cations, or anions. Examples of polymers formed through addition polymerization include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. The molecular weight of the polymer is a direct multiple of the molecular weight of the monomer.

Condensation polymerization, on the other hand, involves the reaction between monomers with the elimination of a small molecule, such as water, methanol, or hydrochloric acid. In this type of polymerization, each step of chain growth typically involves the reaction between a functional group on one monomer and a functional group on another, leading to the formation of a new bond and the release of a byproduct. Polyesters and polyamides are common examples of polymers produced by condensation polymerization. The repeating unit in the polymer has fewer atoms than the sum of the atoms in the monomers due to the elimination of the small molecule.

Other less common but significant polymerization types include ring-opening polymerization, where cyclic monomers open up to form linear chains, and controlled/living polymerization, which allows for precise control over polymer architecture, molecular weight, and low polydispersity. The specific polümerisatsioonitüübi dictates the properties and applications of the resulting polymer.