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Polyphosphoric acid is a viscous liquid or solid substance. It is a mixture of different phosphoric acid polymers. The general formula is Hn+2PnO3n+1, where n is greater than 1. It is often represented by the simplified formula HPO3)n. Polyphosphoric acid is produced by dehydrating phosphoric acid. This dehydration process typically involves heating orthophosphoric acid. As the water is removed, phosphoric acid molecules condense, forming longer chains of phosphate units. The properties of polyphosphoric acid, such as its viscosity and acidity, vary depending on the average chain length of the polymer. It is a strong acid and a powerful dehydrating agent. Polyphosphoric acid is used in various industrial applications. It serves as a catalyst in organic synthesis and in the production of certain chemicals. It can also be used as a dehydrating agent in specific chemical processes. In some cases, it finds application as a fertilizer ingredient due to its phosphorus content, although its direct use is less common than other phosphate forms.