polyadenylierender

Polyadenylierender is a rarely used German term that translates to "polyadenylating" in English. It pertains to the biological process of adding a polyadenine (poly-A) tail to the 3' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This process, known as polyadenylation, is a crucial step in mRNA maturation and regulation.

Polyadenylation occurs during the post-transcriptional modification of pre-mRNA transcripts in eukaryotic cells. It involves the enzymatic addition of a stretch of adenine nucleotides, typically ranging from 50 to 250 bases, to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA molecule. The enzyme responsible for this activity is poly(A) polymerase. The resulting poly-A tail enhances mRNA stability, facilitates nuclear export, and promotes efficient translation by ribosomes.

The process of polyadenylation is tightly regulated and occurs after transcription by RNA polymerase II. It involves specific sequence signals, such as the AAUAAA motif, near the cleavage site where the pre-mRNA is cleaved and subsequently polyadenylated. Proper polyadenylation is essential for gene expression, and errors in this process can lead to various diseases or developmental defects.

In summary, "polyadenylierender" refers to the activity or process of adding a poly-A tail to RNA molecules, a fundamental mechanism in the regulation and stability of eukaryotic gene expression.