polskim

Polskim is the instrumental singular form of the Polish adjective polski, meaning "Polish." It is used when the modified noun is in the instrumental case, typically to express means, accompaniment, or mode, such as with or by something described as Polish.

Morphology and usage. As a standard Polish adjective, polski changes its ending by gender and case. In the masculine singular instrumental and the neuter singular instrumental, the form is polskim. The feminine singular instrumental is polską. In plural forms, the adjective follows the usual patterns of Polish declension, for example polscy in the nominative masculine plural and polskie in the nominative feminine or neuter plural, with corresponding forms in other cases. The feminine form polską and the masculine plural polscy are common in contemporary usage.

Examples. Polskim can be found in phrases such as z polskim akcentem (with a Polish accent), językiem polskim (the Polish language in instrumental case), and polskim prawem (by Polish law). These illustrate how the word agrees with the noun it modifies in case, gender, and number.

Etymology and relation. The term derives from polski, itself related to Poland (Polska) and its demonym Polak/Polacy. As an adjective, polski marks relation to Poland, its language, people, or culture, and is routinely used in both written and spoken Polish to describe something Polish.

Notes. Polskim is a grammatical form and not a standalone noun. Its precise ending depends on the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies, following standard Polish adjective declension.