poloniumand

Poloniumand is not a recognized term in chemistry, physics, or materials science. It does not correspond to a distinct chemical species, compound, or brand. If encountered, it is likely a typographical error or a concatenation of the element polonium with the conjunction “and” in text. This article therefore summarizes polonium, the element, and common contexts in which polonium appears.

Polonium is a radioactive metalloid element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84. It was discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie while researching pitchblende ore. Polonium occurs only in trace amounts in uranium ores; most commercial production takes place in nuclear reactors by irradiating bismuth-209 and processing the target to isolate polonium. The metal is silvery-gray and highly reactive with air, and its most notable characteristic is its radioactivity, which involves emission of alpha particles.

Isotopes: Polonium has several radioactive isotopes; the most widely known is polonium-210, which has a half-life of about 138 days and decays by alpha emission to lead-206. Because alpha particles have limited penetrating power, polonium is extremely hazardous if ingested or inhaled, though external exposure is less dangerous. Handling requires specialized facilities, containment, and strict regulatory control.

Uses and safety: Historically polonium has been used in anti-static devices for electronics and printing, and in some limited heat-source applications for small thermal generators. Today its use is restricted and tightly regulated due to its toxicity and radiation risk. The element is named after Poland, reflecting Curie’s homeland.