polarizationmultiplexed

Polarization multiplexing is a technique used in optical communications to increase the data-carrying capacity of a single optical fiber. It works by transmitting two independent data streams on the same wavelength but with orthogonal polarization states. These polarization states are perpendicular to each other, meaning they do not interfere when they arrive at the receiver. At the receiving end, a polarization beam splitter is used to separate the two orthogonally polarized signals, which are then individually detected and decoded. This effectively doubles the data rate achievable over a given fiber without requiring additional wavelengths or complex modulation schemes. The concept relies on the fact that light waves have polarization, which describes the orientation of their electric field oscillations. By manipulating and maintaining these distinct polarization states, two separate channels can be created within the same physical medium. Polarization multiplexing is a key enabler of high-speed optical networks, contributing significantly to the growth of internet bandwidth.