platinumIIbased

PlatinumIIbased is a term used to describe chemical systems in which platinum is in the +2 oxidation state. In this oxidation state, platinum centers are typically square-planar and four-coordinate, though chelated ligands can yield higher coordination numbers. The category encompasses discrete coordination complexes, clusters, and some solid-state materials built around Pt(II).

Ligands and examples: Common donors include ammonia, halides, phosphines, and sulfur-containing ligands; many Pt(II) complexes employ bidentate chelators such as diimines or ethylenediamine. Clinically notable Pt(II) drugs include cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, used in cancer therapy. Other Pt(II) species such as PtCl2(PPh3)2 are used in synthesis and catalysis, and Pt(II) diimine complexes serve as phosphorescent emitters in lighting applications.

Applications: In medicine, Pt(II) complexes exert cytotoxic effects by binding DNA after activation by aquation. In catalysis, Pt(II) centers enable hydrofunctionalization, C–H activation, and other transformations with suitable ligands. In materials science, Pt(II) diimine complexes are valued for phosphorescence in OLEDs and as sensors.

Synthesis and properties: Pt(II) species are typically prepared by substitution reactions of Pt(II) precursors. In aqueous solutions, Pt–Cl bonds can undergo aquation, generating reactive aqua complexes. Pt(II) complexes usually have lower oxidation-state stability than Pt(IV) analogues and can be sensitive to light and air. Safety: Many Pt(II) complexes are cytotoxic; handling requires appropriate safety protocols.