pisaranäärmete

Pisaranäärmete, also known as lacrimal glands, are exocrine glands responsible for producing the watery component of tears. These glands are located in the upper, outer portion of each eye socket, within a depression called the lacrimal fossa. The lacrimal glands are part of the lacrimal apparatus, which also includes the lacrimal ducts, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.

The primary function of the lacrimal glands is to secrete tears, which serve multiple purposes. Tears lubricate the surface of the eye, keeping it moist and comfortable. They also help to wash away debris and foreign particles, protecting the eye from infection. Furthermore, tears contain enzymes and antibodies that have antimicrobial properties, further safeguarding the eye's health.

The secretion of tears is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Emotional states, such as crying, can trigger increased tear production. Irritation to the eye, like from dust or smoke, also stimulates the lacrimal glands to produce more tears to flush out the irritant.

Disorders affecting the lacrimal glands can lead to various eye conditions. Insufficient tear production, known as dry eye syndrome, can cause discomfort, blurred vision, and an increased risk of eye infections. Conversely, overproduction of tears, or epiphora, can result from blockage of the tear drainage system or excessive stimulation of the glands. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands, called dacryoadenitis, can be caused by viral or bacterial infections and may lead to pain, swelling, and redness around the eye.