pilokarpín

Pilokarpín is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in plants of the Pilocarpus genus. It is a cholinergic agonist, meaning it stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In medicine, pilocarpine is primarily used to treat glaucoma, a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure. By causing contraction of the ciliary muscle, it increases the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby reducing pressure. It is also used to manage dry mouth (xerostomia), particularly in individuals who have undergone radiation therapy to the head and neck or who suffer from Sjögren's syndrome.

Pilocarpine can be administered orally or as eye drops. The effects of pilocarpine are dose-dependent and can include a range of side effects. Ocular administration may lead to blurred vision, brow ache, and miosis (pupil constriction). Systemic administration can cause sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased urination, and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Due to its potent effects on the parasympathetic nervous system, pilocarpine should be used with caution and under medical supervision. It is important to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before using any medication containing pilocarpine.