piezométereket

A piezometer is a device used to measure piezometric head, which is the hydraulic head corresponding to the static pressure of a fluid. In essence, it determines the elevation to which a fluid will rise in a borehole or well. This measurement is crucial in understanding groundwater levels and pore water pressure in geotechnical engineering and hydrogeology.

Piezometers are typically installed by drilling a borehole and inserting a pipe or casing. This casing is usually perforated or screened in the zone of interest, allowing groundwater to enter. A filter material is often placed around the screen to prevent sediment from clogging the piezometer. The water level within the piezometer rises to match the groundwater level in the surrounding soil or rock. The piezometric head is then determined by measuring the elevation of this water surface relative to a datum.

Different types of piezometers exist, including open standpipe piezometers, hydraulic piezometers, and pneumatic piezometers. Open standpipe piezometers are the simplest, relying on direct observation of the water level. Hydraulic and pneumatic types use pressure transducers to measure the pressure of the water at the tip of the device, which can then be converted to piezometric head. Piezometers are vital for monitoring groundwater flow, assessing the stability of slopes and dams, and managing groundwater resources.