perusniveliätyypit

Perusniveliätyypit refers to the fundamental types of joints found in the human body. These joints are classified based on their structure and the degree of movement they allow. The three main categories are fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints.

Fibrous joints are characterized by the presence of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects the bones. These joints are typically immovable or allow only slight movement. Examples include sutures in the skull and the joint between the tibia and fibula.

Cartilaginous joints are where bones are connected by cartilage. There are two subtypes: synchondroses, where hyaline cartilage connects the bones, and symphyses, where fibrocartilage is present. Synchondroses are usually temporary and ossify with age, like the epiphyseal plates in long bones. Symphyses are slightly movable, such as the pubic symphysis.

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint and are characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction, allowing for a wide range of motion. Synovial joints have an articular capsule, a synovial membrane, and articular cartilage covering the bone surfaces. They are further subdivided into several types based on the shape of the articular surfaces and the type of movement they permit, including hinge joints, pivot joints, ball-and-socket joints, gliding joints, saddle joints, and condyloid joints. Each type facilitates specific movements like flexion, extension, rotation, or circumduction.