perikardiumiin

Perikardiumiin is a Finnish term that translates to "pericardium" in English. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels. It is a fibroserous membrane composed of two layers: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is a tough, inelastic sac that anchors the heart and prevents overfilling. The serous pericardium is a delicate membrane that is further divided into two layers: the parietal layer, which lines the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer, which adheres directly to the heart's surface, also known as the epicardium.

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is a potential space called the pericardial cavity. This cavity normally contains a small amount of pericardial fluid, typically 15-50 ml. This fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the two membranes as the heart beats. The pericardium plays a crucial role in protecting the heart, maintaining its position within the chest, and preventing excessive dilation. Inflammation of the pericardium is known as pericarditis, and the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac is called pericardial effusion.