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Peatlands are wetland ecosystems characterized by the accumulation of partially decayed organic matter, known as peat. This process occurs because the waterlogged conditions in peatlands create an anaerobic environment, slowing down decomposition. Peat can build up over thousands of years, forming thick layers that can reach several meters in depth. These environments are found across the globe, particularly in cooler, wetter climates such as the boreal regions of North America and Eurasia, as well as in temperate zones.
The unique hydrological conditions of peatlands support specialized plant communities, primarily consisting of mosses, sedges, and
Peatlands are ecologically important, providing habitat for a variety of wildlife, including birds, amphibians, and insects.