püsimagnetid

Püsimagnetid, also known as permanent magnets, are materials that produce their own magnetic field. This field arises from the alignment of magnetic domains within the material. Unlike electromagnets, which require an electric current to generate a magnetic field, permanent magnets retain their magnetism without an external power source.

The magnetic properties of permanent magnets are a result of the electron spin and orbital motion within their atomic structure. Materials that exhibit ferromagnetism are particularly suitable for creating permanent magnets. Common materials include alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as rare-earth elements like neodymium and samarium.

Permanent magnets are characterized by their magnetic strength, which is often described by their coercivity and remanence. Coercivity refers to the resistance of a magnetic material to being demagnetized, while remanence is the amount of residual magnetism remaining after the external magnetic field is removed.

These magnets find a wide range of applications in everyday life and industry. They are used in electric motors, generators, loudspeakers, magnetic storage devices such as hard drives, and in various forms of medical equipment like MRI machines. Their ability to generate a constant magnetic field without requiring energy input makes them indispensable in many technological systems.