põhiseadusõiguseks

Põhiseadusõigus is the Estonian term for constitutional law. It is the branch of public law that defines the fundamental principles of a state's organization, the rights and freedoms of its citizens, and the relationship between the state and its people. In Estonia, the primary source of constitutional law is the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (Põhiseadus), adopted in 1992.

This legal field governs the structure of government, including the roles and powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It establishes the procedures for lawmaking and ensures the separation of powers. Furthermore, põhiseadusõigus guarantees fundamental rights and liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as equality before the law and the right to a fair trial.

The interpretation and enforcement of constitutional law in Estonia primarily falls to the Supreme Court (Riigikohus), which acts as the constitutional court. It reviews the constitutionality of laws passed by the parliament (Riigikogu) and other state actions. The principles of põhiseadusõigus are considered paramount, and all other laws and state actions must conform to them. Understanding põhiseadusõigus is crucial for grasping the legal framework and the protection of individual rights within Estonia.