päästövero

Päästövero, or emissions tax, is a financial instrument used by governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants by charging fees based on the amount of emissions produced. The concept is rooted in the principle of "polluter pays," where those who generate emissions are financially responsible for their environmental impact. Päästövero encourages businesses and individuals to adopt cleaner technologies or practices by making pollution more expensive than alternatives.

In Finland, the emissions tax was introduced in 1990 as part of the country’s efforts to combat climate change and meet international environmental agreements. The tax primarily targets carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuels, including gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and coal. The tax rate is adjusted periodically to reflect changes in environmental policies, economic conditions, and international climate goals. Proceeds from the emissions tax are typically used to fund environmental programs, renewable energy projects, or general public services, though some revenue may also offset other taxes.

The effectiveness of päästövero depends on its design, including the tax rate, coverage of emissions sources, and how revenue is reinvested. Critics argue that the tax may disproportionately affect lower-income households or industries without adequate support mechanisms. Supporters, however, highlight its role in incentivizing innovation and reducing long-term environmental harm. Finland’s experience with the emissions tax has been studied as a model for other countries implementing similar policies.