oxidoreduktive

The term oxidoreduktive (oxidoreductive) describes processes based on redox reactions, in which electrons are transferred between chemical species. Oxidation increases oxidation state, while reduction decreases it; the two are coupled and described by redox couples.

In a redox reaction, one partner is oxidized and another reduced. Oxidizing agents accept electrons; reducing agents donate them. Redox state is tracked by oxidation numbers; half-reactions reveal the electron flow. Redox potentials, measured as E°, indicate the tendency to gain or lose electrons.

In biology, oxidoreductive reactions drive metabolism. Co-factors such as NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2 shuttle electrons during respiration and photosynthesis. Redox processes also participate in signaling and defense, including reactive oxygen species management.

The redox potential Eh or standard potential E° helps predict reaction direction and energy yield; the Nernst equation relates potential to concentrations. Oxidation-reduction reactions regulate metal cycling, pollutant degradation, and nutrient availability in environments.

Applications span energy storage and conversion (batteries, fuel cells), corrosion, electrochemistry, biosensors, and industrial catalysis.