ovário

The ovary is a female reproductive organ responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Humans typically have two ovaries, located on either side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity. They are almond-shaped and approximately 3-5 centimeters in length.

The primary function of the ovary is oogenesis, the process of creating and maturing eggs (ova). During a woman's reproductive years, a process called ovulation occurs monthly, where a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries. This egg then travels through the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm.

In addition to egg production, the ovaries are crucial endocrine glands. They produce and secrete key female sex hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen plays a vital role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, the regulation of the menstrual cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining it throughout gestation.

The activity of the ovaries is regulated by hormones from the pituitary gland, namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones stimulate the development of follicles within the ovary, which contain the immature eggs, and trigger ovulation.

After menopause, the production of eggs and the secretion of estrogen and progesterone significantly decrease, leading to the cessation of menstruation and various physiological changes.