otolitorganens

Otolith organs are a pair of vestibular organs located in the inner ear that are responsible for detecting linear acceleration and gravity. They are also known as the saccule and the utricle. Within each otolith organ are sensory hair cells, which are embedded in a gelatinous membrane. This membrane contains small calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths.

When the head accelerates in a straight line or changes its orientation with respect to gravity, the otoliths shift. This movement bends the cilia of the hair cells, which in turn generates electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The brain interprets these signals to provide information about the body's position and movement in space.

The saccule is primarily responsible for detecting vertical acceleration, such as that experienced during upward or downward movement, and the pull of gravity. The utricle, on the other hand, detects horizontal acceleration, such as forward or backward movement, and head tilting. Together, the otolith organs play a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. Dysfunction of the otolith organs can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and problems with balance and coordination.