ossifikációval

Osszifikációval is a Hungarian term that translates to ossification in English. Ossification refers to the process by which bone tissue is formed. It is a fundamental aspect of skeletal development and repair in vertebrates. There are two main types of ossification: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.

Intramembranous ossification occurs directly from mesenchymal connective tissue. This process is typical for the formation of flat bones of the skull, the clavicles, and parts of the mandible. In this process, mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which begin to secrete osteoid, the unmineralized bone matrix. This osteoid then calcifies, and the osteoblasts become trapped within lacunae, transforming into osteocytes. Spongy bone is formed first, which is later remodeled into compact bone.

Endochondral ossification is the more common type and is responsible for the formation of most of the skeleton, including the long bones. This process begins with a cartilage model, typically hyaline cartilage, that resembles the future bone. A primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis (shaft) of the cartilage model. Blood vessels and osteoprogenitor cells invade this center, bringing nutrients and initiating the conversion of cartilage into bone. Osteoclasts break down the calcified cartilage, and osteoblasts deposit bone matrix. Secondary ossification centers develop in the epiphyses (ends) of the bone. The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis, known as the epiphyseal plate, remains cartilaginous and is responsible for longitudinal bone growth until skeletal maturity.