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The OSI model, or Open Systems Interconnection model, is a conceptual framework used to standardize the functions of a telecommunication or computing system in terms of abstraction layers. It divides network communication into seven layers, each with a specific set of responsibilities. This layered approach allows for greater modularity and interoperability between different network technologies and protocols.

The seven layers, from bottom to top, are: the Physical Layer, which deals with the physical connection and transmission of raw data bits; the Data Link Layer, responsible for error detection and correction on the physical link; the Network Layer, handling logical addressing and routing of data packets; the Transport Layer, providing reliable data transfer and segmentation; the Session Layer, managing communication sessions between applications; the Presentation Layer, responsible for data formatting and encryption; and finally, the Application Layer, which provides network services directly to end-user applications.

The OSI model is a theoretical model and is not directly implemented as a whole. However, its principles have heavily influenced the design of practical network protocols, most notably the TCP/IP protocol suite, which forms the basis of the internet. Understanding the OSI model helps in comprehending how networks function and in troubleshooting network issues by isolating problems to specific layers. Each layer interacts only with the layers immediately above and below it, simplifying the complexity of network communication.