optiska

Optiska is the Swedish adjective and noun for anything related to optics, the science and technology dealing with light—its generation, propagation, manipulation, and detection across the visible spectrum and into infrared and ultraviolet ranges. The field is traditionally divided into geometrical optics, which models light as rays; physical optics, which explains wave phenomena like interference and diffraction; and quantum optics, which treats light as photons and explores quantum effects.

Key technologies and components include lenses, mirrors, prisms, waveguides, and detectors, as well as light sources such as LEDs and lasers. Applications range from vision correction and photography to imaging and measurement systems, fiber-optic communications, and scientific instruments like spectrometers and microscopes. In medicine, optical methods are used in endoscopy, optical coherence tomography and laser-based therapy. In research, optics underpins spectroscopy, interferometry and quantum information experiments.

Historically, optics has roots in ancient and medieval studies of vision and light, with contributions from figures such as Ibn al-Haytham, Kepler, Newton, and Fresnel. The 20th century saw pivotal advances in wave theory, lasers, and modern imaging; the late 20th and early 21st centuries brought rapid growth in fiber-optic communications, photonics, and nanophotonics.