oftalmoszkóp

An oftalmoszkóp, also known as an ophthalmoscope, is a medical instrument used to examine the interior of the eye, particularly the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. It allows healthcare professionals to detect various eye conditions and other systemic diseases that may manifest in the eye. The instrument typically consists of a light source, a lens system, and a viewing aperture.

The principle behind the ophthalmoscope is to direct light into the eye and then magnify the reflected light from the retina. By illuminating the eye, the examiner can visualize structures that are normally not visible to the naked eye. Different types of ophthalmoscopes exist, including direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes, each offering a slightly different view and magnification. Direct ophthalmoscopes provide a magnified, upright image of a small area of the retina, while indirect ophthalmoscopes offer a wider field of view but with a smaller, inverted image.

Commonly examined features during an ophthalmoscopic examination include the optic disc, which is the point where the optic nerve leaves the eye; the macula, responsible for sharp central vision; and the retinal blood vessels, whose appearance can indicate conditions like hypertension or diabetes. Abnormalities such as hemorrhages, exudates, swelling, or optic nerve cupping can be identified. The use of an ophthalmoscope is a fundamental part of a comprehensive eye examination and is also utilized in general medical assessments to assess overall health.