oficiálními

Oficiálními is the instrumental plural form of the Czech adjective oficiální, meaning official or pertaining to an office or authority. It is used to describe nouns in the instrumental plural, typically in clauses with prepositions that require the instrumental case, such as s (with) or během (during).

Etymology and meaning: The word derives from the noun oficiál (official) and ultimately from Latin officialis, with the Czech form standardised through contact with Romance and Latin-derived vocabulary. In modern usage it denotes something sanctioned by an authority, formal, or recognized by an institution.

Grammar and usage: The base form is oficiální. To form the instrumental plural, the ending -mi is added, yielding oficiálními. This form accompanies nouns in instrumental plural and is used across genders. Common contexts include government or institutional settings, formal documentation, and official procedures.

Examples:

- s oficiálními dokumenty (with official documents)

- setkali se s oficiálními zástupci (they met with official representatives)

- dodržovat oficiálními pravidly (note: in standard Czech, phrases like “dodržovat oficiální pravidla” use the accusative for pravidla; the instrumental form appears with prepositions such as “s”)

Notes: As a descriptive adjective, oficiální is frequently contrasted with neoficiální (unofficial) and oficiální dokumenty are contrasted with neoficiální dokumenty. The instrumental plural form of many Czech adjectives ending in -ální is typically -álními, which is the form shown here.