nukleinske

Nukleinske kiseline, also known as nucleic acids, are essential biomolecules that play a crucial role in the storage, transmission, and expression of genetic information. They are composed of long chains of nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are two primary types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

DNA serves as the genetic blueprint of an organism, containing the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living things. It is typically double-stranded, with the two strands twisted into a double helix structure. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), which pair specifically with each other (A with T, and C with G).

RNA, on the other hand, is typically single-stranded and plays various roles in protein synthesis and gene expression. There are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), with uracil replacing thymine.

Nucleic acids are fundamental to the functioning of all living organisms and are involved in numerous biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation. They are also targets for various therapeutic interventions, such as antiviral drugs and gene editing technologies. The study of nucleic acids is a critical area of research in biology, biochemistry, and medicine.