nucleálást

Nucleálást refers to the process of nuclear fission, a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, often producing free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma rays) and releasing a very large amount of energy. This process is the basis for nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons.

During nuclear fission, a heavy atomic nucleus, such as that of uranium-235 or plutonium-239, absorbs a neutron. This absorption makes the nucleus unstable. The unstable nucleus then undergoes fission, breaking apart into two or more lighter nuclei, known as fission products. In addition to these products, several neutrons and a significant amount of energy are released. These released neutrons can go on to trigger further fission events, leading to a chain reaction if enough fissile material is present.

The energy released in fission is primarily in the form of kinetic energy of the fission products and neutrons, as well as gamma rays. This energy can be harnessed. In nuclear reactors, this heat energy is used to produce steam, which then drives turbines to generate electricity. In nuclear weapons, the rapid release of energy causes a massive explosion. The fission products themselves are often radioactive, posing a challenge for waste disposal.