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Nitrosyl chloride, also known as nitrosyl chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula NOCl. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is highly reactive. Nitrosyl chloride is a significant intermediate in the formation of nitrogen oxides, which are important in atmospheric chemistry and combustion processes. It is produced by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with chlorine (Cl2) or by the thermal decomposition of nitrosyl chloride.

The compound is a potent oxidizing agent and can react with a wide range of substances, including metals, non-metals, and organic compounds. It is used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and dyes. However, due to its high reactivity and potential hazards, it is handled with care in industrial settings.

Nitrosyl chloride is also of interest in environmental science because it plays a role in the formation of smog and acid rain. It can react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form nitric acid, which contributes to acid rain. Additionally, it can react with other atmospheric pollutants to form ground-level ozone, a component of smog.

In summary, nitrosyl chloride is a reactive chemical compound with significant applications in industrial chemistry and environmental science. Its handling requires careful consideration of its potential hazards.