nanovesicle

A nanovesicle is a microscopic, membrane-bound sac that ranges in size from about 30 to 100 nanometers in diameter. These structures are formed from lipids and proteins, similar to the cell membranes found in living organisms. Nanovesicles can be naturally occurring, such as exosomes and microvesicles released by cells, or they can be artificially engineered for various applications.

Naturally occurring nanovesicles play crucial roles in intercellular communication. They can carry a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids (like mRNA and microRNA), and lipids, which can then be transferred to recipient cells, influencing their function. This biological cargo transfer is fundamental to processes like immune response, tissue repair, and even disease progression.

In the field of biotechnology and medicine, nanovesicles are being explored for their potential as drug delivery systems. Their lipid bilayer structure allows them to encapsulate therapeutic agents, protecting them from degradation and facilitating their passage through biological barriers. Furthermore, the surface of engineered nanovesicles can be modified with targeting molecules, enabling them to specifically deliver drugs to diseased cells or tissues, thereby improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Research is ongoing to optimize their production, stability, and targeting capabilities for clinical use.