nahwu
Nahwu is the study of Arabic grammar and syntax. It describes how words combine to form phrases and sentences, and how their forms reflect grammatical function. Central concerns include sentence structure, the marking of case endings (i'rab), and the distinction between nominal (jumla ismiyya) and verbal (jumla fi'liya) constructions, as well as the roles of subject, predicate, verb, and related particles.
The term nahwu derives from the Arabic root n-h-w, meaning to incline or bend, a metaphor for
Key concepts include i'rab (case endings) and the states marfuʿ (nominative), mansūb (accusative), and majrūr (genitive).
Modern relevance: nahwu remains foundational in the study of Classical and Modern Standard Arabic. It is taught