mycorrhizaiset

Mycorrhizae, derived from the Greek words "mykes" (fungus) and "rhiza" (root), refers to a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots. This relationship is mutually beneficial, with both organisms deriving advantages. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, extending hyphae into the soil. These hyphae significantly increase the surface area available for nutrient and water absorption for the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungi with carbohydrates, primarily sugars produced during photosynthesis, which the fungi cannot produce themselves.

There are several types of mycorrhizae, with the most common being ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the root tips and penetrate the spaces between root cells, but not into the cells themselves. They are common in trees like pines, oaks, and birches. Endomycorrhizae, also known as arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), penetrate the root cells, forming branched structures called arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs. This type is found in a vast majority of plant species, including crops and grasses.

The benefits of mycorrhizal associations extend beyond nutrient uptake. They can enhance plant drought tolerance by improving water absorption and can also contribute to soil structure by binding soil particles together. Furthermore, mycorrhizae can help protect plants from root pathogens and heavy metal toxicity. This intricate underground network plays a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems, supporting plant health and productivity.