monocarboxílicos

Monocarboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a single carboxyl functional group, which has the chemical formula -COOH. This group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula for a monocarboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group.

The simplest monocarboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH), also known as methanoic acid. Acetic acid (CH3COOH), a common component of vinegar, is another well-known example. As the R group becomes larger, the solubility of the monocarboxylic acid in water generally decreases, while its boiling point increases.

Monocarboxylic acids exhibit acidic properties due to the presence of the carboxyl group. They can donate a proton (H+) to form a carboxylate anion (R-COO-). This acidity allows them to react with bases to form salts. They can also undergo various chemical reactions, including esterification with alcohols to form esters, and reduction to form primary alcohols.

These compounds are widely found in nature and have diverse applications. Fatty acids, which are long-chain monocarboxylic acids, are essential components of fats and oils. Esters derived from monocarboxylic acids are used as flavorings, fragrances, and solvents.