mogok

Mogok is a town in the central region of Myanmar, situated in the Mandalay Division at an elevation of approximately 1,000 meters. The settlement lies on the edge of the Mogok Plateau, a high‑altitude area known for its rugged terrain and cool climate, which distinguishes it from the surrounding lowlands. Historically, Mogok developed as a trading centre for jade and rubies, and it has been referred to as the “Ruby Capital of the World.” The area’s geology features metamorphic rocks rich in corundum, which, under specific pressure and temperature conditions, produce gem‑quality ruby and spinel crystals.

The town’s population, recorded at around 50,000 inhabitants in recent censuses, comprises primarily Bamar, Shan, and other ethnic groups. Traditional livelihoods revolve around mining, agriculture, and small‑scale commerce. While artisanal and small‑scale mining dominate the local economy, larger mining concessions have been operated by both private and state‑owned enterprises, contributing significantly to Myanmar’s export revenues.

Mogok’s cultural landscape includes Buddhist temples, markets, and festivals that reflect the region’s mixed heritage. The most notable religious site is the Shwe Hpyin Goh village monastery, which attracts pilgrims during the annual pagoda festival. Infrastructure in the town is modest; roads connect Mogok to nearby cities such as Mandalay and Pyin Oo Lwin, and electricity and telecommunications have gradually expanded in recent years.

Environmental concerns have arisen from mining activities, including deforestation, soil erosion, and water contamination. NGOs and government agencies have initiated programs aimed at improving mining practices, promoting sustainable livelihoods, and preserving the ecological integrity of the plateau.