modulação

Modulação is a process used in telecommunications and signal processing to encode information onto a carrier wave. This allows for the transmission of data over a communication channel, such as radio waves, electrical wires, or optical fibers. The fundamental principle involves altering one or more properties of the carrier wave – its amplitude, frequency, or phase – in accordance with the information signal.

There are various types of modulation. Amplitude Modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier wave proportionally to the information signal. Frequency Modulation (FM) changes the frequency of the carrier wave. Phase Modulation (PM) modifies the phase of the carrier wave. Digital modulation techniques, such as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK), are used to transmit digital data by altering these carrier properties in discrete steps.

The choice of modulation technique depends on factors like the desired transmission bandwidth, noise immunity, and the nature of the information being transmitted (analog or digital). Modulation is a crucial step in enabling efficient and reliable communication systems, from broadcasting radio and television to transmitting data over the internet and mobile networks. Demodulation, the reverse process, is then used at the receiving end to extract the original information from the modulated carrier wave.