mitochondriálními

Mitochondriálními is the genitive plural form of the Czech word mitochondrie, which translates to mitochondria in English. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

These organelles are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They have a double membrane structure, with an inner membrane that is folded into cristae. These folds increase the surface area for ATP synthesis, a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA, which is inherited maternally. This mitochondrial DNA encodes some of the proteins necessary for mitochondrial function.

Dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to a variety of diseases, collectively known as mitochondrial diseases. These conditions can affect various organs and tissues, with symptoms that vary widely depending on the severity and specific genes involved. Research into mitochondrial biology is ongoing, aiming to understand their roles in health and disease and to develop potential therapeutic strategies. The study of mitochondria is crucial in fields such as cell biology, genetics, and medicine.