mikrotubulles

Microtubules are dynamic, hollow cylindrical structures found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are essential components of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support and maintaining cell shape. Composed of the protein tubulin, which polymerizes to form long, protofilamentous chains, microtubules play a crucial role in intracellular transport. Motor proteins like kinesin and dynein "walk" along microtubule tracks, carrying vesicles, organelles, and other cellular cargo throughout the cell.

In addition to their structural and transport functions, microtubules are vital for cell division. They form the mitotic spindle, a structure that segregates chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, ensuring that daughter cells receive the correct genetic material. Microtubules also form the core of cilia and flagella, whip-like appendages that enable cell motility or move substances across cell surfaces. Their organization and dynamics are tightly regulated by a variety of associated proteins, allowing cells to adapt to changing conditions and perform complex functions. The constant assembly and disassembly of microtubules, a process known as dynamic instability, is fundamental to their diverse roles.