microekonómiu

Microekonómia is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and how they make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. It focuses on the analysis of individual markets, prices, and quantities of goods and services. Key concepts within microeconomics include supply and demand, elasticity, consumer theory, and producer theory.

Consumer theory examines how individuals make choices given their budget constraints and preferences to maximize their utility. It explores concepts like marginal utility and indifference curves. Producer theory, on the other hand, analyzes how firms make decisions about production levels, pricing, and resource utilization to maximize profits. This involves studying costs, revenues, and market structures like perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly.

The interaction of supply and demand in individual markets determines prices and quantities. Supply represents the amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to offer at various prices, while demand represents the amount consumers are willing and able to purchase. The equilibrium price and quantity occur where supply and demand intersect. Microeconomics also considers market failures, where markets do not allocate resources efficiently, and the role of government intervention. It provides a framework for understanding everyday economic decisions and the functioning of specific markets.