metotrexate

Methotrexate is a medication used to treat various conditions, including certain types of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antimetabolites, which interfere with the growth of cells, particularly rapidly dividing cells. By inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis, methotrexate slows down or stops the proliferation of cells.

In cancer treatment, methotrexate is employed in regimens for leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors such as breast and lung cancers. Its mechanism of action in these cases is to target and kill rapidly multiplying cancer cells. For autoimmune and inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease, methotrexate is prescribed at lower doses. In these conditions, it acts as an immunosuppressant, modulating the immune system's overactive response that leads to inflammation and tissue damage.

Methotrexate can be administered orally, by injection, or intravenously. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the condition being treated and the individual patient's response. While effective, methotrexate can have side effects. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, fatigue, and hair loss. More serious side effects can involve liver damage, lung problems, and bone marrow suppression. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is crucial to manage potential toxicity and ensure treatment effectiveness. Folic acid supplementation is often recommended to mitigate some of the side effects associated with methotrexate use.