metatarsophalangealis

Metatarsophalangealis refers to the joints located in the foot that connect the metatarsal bones to the phalanges. There are five metatarsophalangeal joints in each foot, corresponding to each toe. The metatarsal bones are the long bones in the midfoot, while the phalanges are the bones that make up the toes. These joints are synovial joints, meaning they are characterized by a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and cartilage, allowing for smooth movement.

The primary movements at the metatarsophalangeal joints are flexion and extension, which enable the toes to bend downwards and upwards, respectively. Abduction and adduction, the movement of the toes away from and towards each other, also occur at these joints, though to a lesser extent. The first metatarsophalangeal joint, located at the base of the big toe, is particularly important for propulsion during walking and running. It allows for significant dorsiflexion (upward bending) which is crucial for lifting the foot off the ground.

Injuries to the metatarsophalangeal joints can include sprains, fractures, and conditions like sesamoiditis, which affects the small bones embedded within the tendons of the big toe. Arthritis can also affect these joints, leading to pain and stiffness. The health and mobility of the metatarsophalangeal joints are vital for overall foot function and ambulation.