metagenomikával

Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Instead of isolating and culturing individual microorganisms in a laboratory setting, metagenomics bypasses this step by analyzing DNA directly from the environment. This approach allows researchers to study the collective genomes of microbial communities, revealing the diversity and functional potential of organisms that are difficult or impossible to grow in culture. These environmental samples can include soil, water, air, or even host-associated sites like the human gut.

The process typically involves extracting DNA from the sample, followed by high-throughput sequencing of all the DNA fragments. Bioinformatic tools are then used to assemble these fragments into longer sequences, identify genes, and infer the taxonomic composition and metabolic capabilities of the community. Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of microbial ecosystems, uncovering novel species, understanding complex interactions within communities, and revealing the roles these microbes play in various biogeochemical cycles and host health. Applications span across various fields, including environmental science, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. It offers a powerful window into the uncultured microbial world.