metabolittá

Metabolitá is a term used to describe the chemical compounds that are involved in metabolic processes. Metabolism itself is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. These reactions are complex and involve numerous substances, which are collectively referred to as metabolites. Metabolites can be broadly categorized into primary metabolites and secondary metabolites.

Primary metabolites are compounds directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. They are essential for the survival of the organism. Examples include carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids. These molecules are typically found in all living cells, though their concentrations may vary depending on the cell type and its physiological state.

Secondary metabolites, on the other hand, are not directly involved in the basic survival processes of an organism. Instead, they often play roles in defense, communication, or adaptation to the environment. These compounds are usually produced by specific cells or at particular stages of development. Examples include alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and antibiotics. While not essential for immediate survival, secondary metabolites can provide significant advantages, such as protection against predators or pathogens, or the ability to attract pollinators.

The study of metabolites and their roles in biological systems is known as metabolomics. This field aims to identify and quantify all the metabolites in a biological sample and understand their dynamic changes in response to various stimuli. Metabolomics provides valuable insights into physiological and pathological states, aiding in the understanding of diseases and the development of new therapies.