mesangiaalisen

Mesangial cells are specialized cells found within the glomerulus of the kidney. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. These cells are located in the mesangium, which is the central supporting tissue of the glomerulus. Mesangial cells have a unique combination of characteristics, exhibiting features of both smooth muscle cells and macrophages.

Functionally, mesangial cells are involved in several key processes. They produce and secrete extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to the glomerulus. This matrix also contributes to the filtration process by influencing capillary wall permeability. Additionally, mesangial cells have phagocytic capabilities, meaning they can engulf and remove cellular debris and immune complexes that may accumulate within the glomerulus. This helps to keep the filtration barrier clear and functioning optimally.

Another important role of mesangial cells is their contractile ability. Their smooth muscle-like properties allow them to contract and relax, which in turn can alter the surface area of the glomerular capillaries available for filtration. This regulation helps to control the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Furthermore, mesangial cells are involved in the inflammatory and immune responses within the kidney. They can release various cytokines and growth factors that modulate the activity of other immune cells and contribute to tissue repair or, in some cases, pathology. Diseases affecting the mesangium are often referred to as mesangial diseases.