merivaikutukset

Merivaikutukset, also known as the Baltic Sea effect, is a meteorological phenomenon that occurs when a warm, moist air mass from the south meets a cold, dry air mass from the north over the Baltic Sea. This interaction leads to the formation of a low-pressure system over the sea, which can result in various weather conditions.

The most notable effect is the frequent occurrence of fog and low stratus clouds, often referred to as "Baltic fog." This fog can persist for extended periods, sometimes lasting for days, and is characterized by its low visibility and the distinctive smell of saltwater. The fog is typically thicker in the eastern parts of the Baltic Sea, particularly in the Gulf of Finland.

Another consequence of the Merivaikutukset is the strong onshore wind, which can blow from the sea towards the land. This wind is often accompanied by a drop in temperature, as the cold air from the north is pushed inland. The onshore wind can also lead to the formation of sea breezes, which are characterized by their gentle nature and the refreshing feeling they provide.

The Merivaikutukset also influence the marine environment, with the warm, saline water from the south mixing with the colder, fresher water from the north. This mixing can lead to the formation of a pycnocline, a layer in the water column where there is a sharp increase in density due to changes in temperature and salinity.

The phenomenon is named after the Finnish word "meri," meaning sea, and "vaikutus," meaning effect. It is a well-known feature of the Baltic Sea region's climate, affecting both the weather and the marine environment.