meningokokki

Meningokokki is the common name for Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium that can cause a serious infection called meningococcal disease. This bacterium is spread through respiratory droplets, typically by close contact with an infected person, such as coughing, sneezing, or sharing utensils.

Meningococcal disease can manifest in several forms, most notably meningitis and septicemia. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, while septicemia is a bloodstream infection. Symptoms can appear suddenly and include fever, headache, stiff neck, rash, nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity. In severe cases, it can lead to rapid deterioration, permanent disability, or death.

There are different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, with serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y being the most common causes of disease worldwide. While many people carry the bacteria in their nose and throat without becoming ill, they can still transmit it to others.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent meningococcal disease. Several vaccines are available that protect against different serogroups. Public health authorities recommend vaccination for certain age groups and individuals at higher risk. Early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in those who develop meningococcal disease.