marginální

Marginální is a term used in economics to describe a situation where a small, incremental change is considered. It refers to the effects of adding or subtracting one more unit of something, such as a good, service, or input. For example, marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a good, while marginal revenue is the additional revenue gained from selling one more unit. Economists use marginal analysis to make optimal decisions by comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs of an action. If the marginal benefit of an action exceeds its marginal cost, then it is generally considered rational to undertake that action. Conversely, if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit, it is not. This concept applies to various economic decisions, from individual consumer choices to firm production strategies and government policy. Understanding marginal changes helps in determining the most efficient allocation of resources and maximizing utility or profit. It's a fundamental principle for understanding how rational actors make decisions in the face of scarcity.