makrófágok

Makrofágok are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system. Their name comes from the Greek words "makros" meaning large and "phagein" meaning to eat, reflecting their primary function of engulfing and digesting foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris. These cells are found in tissues throughout the body, where they act as a first line of defense against infection and injury.

Makrofágok originate from monocytes, which are a type of white blood cell produced in the bone marrow. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream and can migrate into various tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Once in the tissues, they can adopt different forms depending on their location and the specific signals they receive. For example, macrophages in the liver are called Kupffer cells, while those in the lungs are known as alveolar macrophages.

The process by which macrophages engulf particles is called phagocytosis. They extend their cell membrane to surround the target, forming a vesicle that is then internalized. Inside the macrophage, the engulfed material is broken down by enzymes. Beyond phagocytosis, macrophages also contribute to the immune response by releasing signaling molecules called cytokines, which can recruit other immune cells to the site of infection or inflammation. They also play a role in presenting antigens to other immune cells, initiating a more specific immune response. Furthermore, macrophages are involved in tissue repair and remodeling after injury.